以下表格显示典型的证券交易顺序,以及它们如何影响保证金账户。[1]
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | 无持有头寸 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | 总现金价值 + 股票价值 + 债券价值 + 基金价值 + 欧洲和亚洲期权价值 |
初始保证金(IM) = | $0.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - IM |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $0.00 | RegT保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $10,000.00 | (SMA前一天 +/- 日内的现金变化 +/- 今日的交易初始保证金) 或 (含借贷价值权益 - 保证金) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益 = | $10,000.00 | |
初始保证金 = | $5,000.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金 = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $5,000.00 | ELV-IM 可用资金在交易时为>=0,因此交易被提交 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $10,000.00 | RegT保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $0.00 | ($10,000.00 – $0.00 – $10,000.00) 或 ($10,000.00 – $10,000.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $22,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $5,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $6,875.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $6,875.00 | ELV - MM 剩余流动性 >=0,因此无清算发生 |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $17,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $7,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $4,375.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $4,375.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $3,125.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $3,125.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $8,750.00 | 保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $0.00 | ($0.00 +/– $0.00 + $0.00) 或 ($7,500.00 – $8,750.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | 要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | $12,500.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | 头寸不再被持有。 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $0.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $12,500.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $12,500.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $0.00 | 保证金 = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | $12,500.00 | ($0.00 +/– $0.00 + $11,250.00) 或 ($12,500.00 – $0.00) 取较大值 |
SMA >= 0 | SMA要求被满足,无清算 |
现金 = | $12,500.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $12,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $12,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | ($125.00) | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | ($125.00) | ELV - MM |
可用资金 <=0, | 因此交易被拒绝。 |
现金 = | ($17,500.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $30,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $12,500.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $7,500.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $7,500.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | $5,000.00 | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
保证金 = | $15,000.00 | RegT Margin = 50% * 股票价值 |
SMA = | -$2,500.00 | ($12,500 +/– $0.00 – $15,000.00) 或 ($12,500.00 – $15,000.00) 取较大值 |
SMA = ($2,500.00) 其 < 0 | 股票被清算。 |
现金 = | ($17,500.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $22,500.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $5,000.00 | |
初始保证金(IM) = | $5,625.00 | IM = 25% * 股票价值 |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,625.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
可用资金 = | ($625.00) | ELV-IM |
剩余流动性 = | ($625.00) | ELV - MM |
剩余流动性 < 0, | 因此股票将被清算。 |
以下表格显示了一个涉及商品的典型交易序列例子。尽管我们的一体化投资账户自动地在账户的证券和商品部分之间转移资金,为简化以下的举例,我们将假设账户中的现金保留在账户的商品部分中。
行动 | 现金 | 保证金要求 | 净清算价值 |
---|---|---|---|
1. 存入 $5,000.00 | + $5,000.00 | $5,000.00 | |
2 买进1份ES期货合约 | $5,000.00 | $2,813.00 | $5,000.00 |
$850.00 * 50 (乘数), ES初始保证金要求 = $2,813.00 | |||
3. 日末: ES价格上涨至$860.00 | $5,500.00 | $2813.00 | $5,500.00 |
收益 $10.00 * 50 = $500.00 | |||
净清算价值 > $2,813.00 | 无清算。 | ||
4. 第二天: ES价格下跌至$810.00 | $3,000.00 | $4,500.00 | $3,000.00 |
损失$50.00 * 50 = $2,500.00 | |||
净清算价值 < $4,500.00 隔夜维持保证金 | 清算发生。 |
例如,假设一个客户用保证金以$10.00/股买入2,000股ABC股票。本例中的贷款金额为$10,000.00,计算如下:(1)
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $13,333.33 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $3,333.33 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $3,333.33 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $0.00 | ELV - MM |
价格 = | ($10,000 / 2,000) / (.75) = $6.6667(2) |
在以下例子中,客户买入股票,但之后股票价格降低到使盈余流动余额低于零以下,提示要进行清算。
现金 = | $10,000.00 | |
证券市场价值 = | $0.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $0.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $10,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $20,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $10,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $5,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | $5,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现金 = | ($10,000.00) | |
证券市场价值 = | $12,000.00 | |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $2,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $3,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 = | -$1,000.00 | ELV - MM |
现剩余流动资金为< 0, 头寸将被清算,以使剩余流动资金回到最低不低于0。 |
清算数量 = | $1,000.00 * 4 |
$4,000.00 |
现金 = | ($6,000.00) | 原始的$10,000.00贷款 – 清算数量 |
证券市场价值 = | $8,000.00 | $12,000.00 市场价值 – 清算数量 |
含贷款价值的权益(ELV) = | $2,000.00 | |
维持保证金(MM) = | $2,000.00 | MM = 25% * 股票价值 |
剩余流动性 | $0.00 | ELV - MM |
请注意,这只是使剩余流动资金余额回到零。存入多于此数量的资金将能够开新的头寸及/或保有防止进一步清算的余地。 |